Cultivation of land is the most labor-intensive matter for villagers and summer residents. Soil preparation for sowing and tillage after harvesting are the most difficult types of manual work. Significantly facilitate the implementation of these works can plow.

Plugом называют сельскохозяйственный инструмент с широким металлическим лемехом, который применяется для вспахивания земли. Кроме обработки почвы, плуги применяются для подводных работ, для укладки кабеля, при поиске нефти.

In the early stages of the use of the plow as an agricultural tool dragged people alongA little later, livestock (oxen, horses) were used for this, today this hard physical work has been transferred to agricultural machinery - the tractor.

The main objective of this tool is to turn over the top layer of soil. This procedure (plowing) substantially frees the soil from weeds. In the process of plowing, the root system of weeds is damaged, which have already begun to grow, but are not yet sufficiently strong. In addition, together with the inverted layer of earth, the seeds of not yet sprouted weeds are moved deep into the ground, which, of course, complicates their further germination. Many weed seeds in the process of plowing and completely die. In the process of plowing the ground is loosened, it becomes softer and more pliable, which further makes more efficient sowing and has a good effect on the germination of cultivated plants.

Content

• 1 Types of plows, their advantages and disadvantages
• 2 Plow device, принцип работы
• 3 Plug своими руками
• 4 Assembling the plow

Types of plows, their advantages and disadvantages

Modern agricultural farms use for treating the soil different types plows. These agricultural implements differ in two characteristics:

• by the method of aggregation;
• by the way of plowing.

By the way aggregations plows are trailed, mounted and semi-mounted. Each species has its own advantages and has its drawbacks.

Trailed plow can be set in motion only with the help of transport wheels. In modern agriculture it is rarely used, because the bulk of the tractors are equipped with a mounted system with an integrated hydraulic cylinder. The advantages include the fact that, according to agronomists, after tillage with a trailed plow, arable land is smoother and more uniform. The disadvantage of such a tool is a sufficiently large angle of rotation, which prevents the use of this plow together with mounted and semi-mounted in one pen.

Mounted plow rises only with a tractor linkage. The number of cases varies depending on the tractor's thrust class. The advantages of this model include a small weight of the whole structure, a small turning radius, and smaller structural parts. The disadvantages include the fact that the minitractor will not be able to lift and bring the plow with a lot of bodies into the transport state.

Semi-mounted the plow is driven to the transport position by means of a tractor linkage and the transport wheels of the plow itself. The number of cases is not more than 6 for a tractor with a thrust class of 3 tons, and no more than 12 for a tractor with a thrust class of 5 tons. The advantages include a fairly large number of buildings. Disadvantages: a large turning radius and a sufficiently large number of structural parts and elements.

By the way пахоты различают non-negotiable plows (pen drive) and negotiable (for smooth plowing).

Plow device, принцип работы

Plug constructively consists of a frame, working bodies, transport support wheels and a hinged or trailer device required to connect to the tractor.

The working bodies of the plow include the hull, plow-and-dump mechanism, coulters (ukloslosimy), knives, subsoilers.

Geometric the form The hull is critical in assessing the quality of plowing. Structurally hulls are of the following types:

• dumps (for plowing with circulation and loosening of the reservoir);
• безdumps (designed for loosening the soil in dry and wind eroded areas);
• carved (for dump plowing of soil with a thin fertile layer and simultaneous deepening of the plowing level up to 5 cm);
• with subsoiler (for dump plowing of thin, chestnut and podzolic chernozem and soils with simultaneous deepening of the plowing level by 6–15 cm);
• with chisel (for plowing hard, stone-littered soil);
• disc (for plowing heavy and hard land littered with tree roots, as well as for treating soils oversaturated with water (rice is usually grown on such))
• combined (for plowing heavy soils with simultaneous intensive loosening).

Plugи общего назначения They are usually equipped with bodies in which the width of the grip is in the range from 25 to 40 cm. Special-purpose plows are usually equipped with bodies with a grip width in the range from 45 to 100 cm.

Main plowshare purpose - cut the layer of soil and send it to the dump. The ploughshare is subject to rapid wear, which is expressed in loss of shape and dulling. The result of this can be a deviation from the process, an increase in traction resistance and an increase in fuel consumption at the tractor. To restore the design of the plowshare can be forged with a hammer, pre-heating ploughshare in the furnace.

Blade cuts off the soil layer from the furrow wall, deforms it, slightly shifts it to the side and puts it with the top layer down.

The ploughshare and the blade should fit snugly along the joint line (the allowable gap is no more than 1 mm).

Purpose the precursor - cut off the upper grained layer of soil and reset it to the bottom of the furrow. Excessive deepening of this element will increase the traction resistance of the plow itself, and even the layer of dirty soil is worse.

The knife cuts the soil in a vertical direction along the line of separation of the reservoir from the general earth massif and qualitatively improves the process of turnover of the reservoir, embedding plant residues. In addition, a steady plow stroke, an even bottom and a furrow wall is ensured. In most cases, the knives in the plow are hung before its last body.

Principle of operation This agricultural tool consists in the fact that, moving in the ground, the plow cuts off the layer of soil, lifts it up, subjects it to deformation, crumbles, wraps it and puts it on the previously laid layer.

Plug своими руками

In order to by myself to make a plow, you need to know a few nuances.

Raising a layer of soil up to 25 cm in height, the plow body is under serious stress, and its surface is subjected to abrasive wear. In view of this, it is better to choose steel with a thickness of 3-5 mm for the working parts of the self-made plow.

Lemeh It is best to provide removable (before use it will be easier to sharpen). From materials it is preferable to steel 9HS (of which make disks for circular saws) or hardened steel 45.

Taking into account all the above, you can begin to manufacture the blade. It can be done in 3 ways.

1. The working surface of the blade has cylindrical form. If there is any sheet bending equipment available (for example, rollers), then it will not take a lot of work to produce the desired shape. The steel billet of the blade (can be cut with scissors for metal or gas-electric welding) is fed at an angle of 20–23 ° to the sheet bending machine or rollers, bending and adjusting according to a template.
2. For making a dump fit trumpet (wall thickness 4–5 mm) with a diameter of 55 to 60 cm. A template is cut out of the cardboard, laid on the pipe, outlined with chalk and cut out by gas welding. If necessary, adjust with a hammer and sandpaper.
3. The most time-consuming method is that in which the pre-dumping heat up in the forge or in any other way and bend over the matrix (you can use the blade from the plow intended for the tractor).

The plow body is made of steel sheet (st.3-st.10) at least 3 mm in thickness.

The specialists It is recommended to pre-cut all the details of the plow from cardboard and glue them together, maintaining the necessary angles. If the resulting cardboard model satisfies the “newly-made Kulibin”, you can start working on the metal.

Plow assembly

When all the elements of the plow will be made in metal, final assembly will require a 50x50 cm metal sheet and a welding machine. To sheet consistently sticking (keeping the necessary angles) by welding the elements of the plow: the plowshare, the side shield (and to the plowshare, and to the sheet). To plowshare is applied on the blade. If there are discrepancies in the corners (and / or surfaces), the blade is brought to the norm with a hammer and then slightly tacked to the back part of the plowshare and to the side shield with welding. Then a spacer plate and a base plate are welded onto the shield (hard corners for plowshares are welded to it). Received construction carefully inspect and, in the absence of visible errors, weld the plow completely. The metal sheet on which the assembly and welding took place is disconnected from the finished plow with a chisel or with the help of a “grinder”. Welds necessarily cleaned, blade and ploughshare polished sandpaper.

To make a homemade plow self-propelled, attached to it two-wheeled walk-behind tractor.

By building a plow on your own, it is possible for relatively little money to get a reliable and powerful assistant for tillage in the garden, in the garden and in the field.