Having built a house, I want to make it as attractive and unusual as possible. An excellent decorative element and reliable engineering construction will serve you gabions. Gabionovye designs have a century of history. Since ancient times, they have been used to strengthen the banks of rivers and reservoirs, to protect the soil slopes, embankments. To date, these structures are successfully distributed in private housing.
Content
- 1 Concept and designation of gabion
- 2 Varieties of gabion designs
- 3 Variants of gabion design
- 4 Do-it-yourself gabion construction: the principle of gabion assembly
- 5 Video gabion assembly
Concept and designation of gabion
The country of origin of the word "gabion" is Italy and literally translates as "Big cell". The design is a container of metal mesh or welded from metal wire container, which is filled with various materials (sand, pebbles, crushed brick, rubble, bark, foliage, etc.).
In modern landscape design, gabions are most often used as retaining walls and fences. Such structures have gained confidence, because they are successfully used instead of structures made of concrete, economical and made of environmentally friendly materials.
Varieties of gabion designs
There are three classic look gabion:
- Reno mattresses;
- габионы Джамбо (коробчатые);
- gabions-bags (cylindrical structures);
Габионовые конструкции вида Reno mattresses used to strengthen the coastline of rivers and reservoirs. Such constructions are very small - they rise 17 cm above the ground surface. Thanks to a small height, the gabion copies all relief bends. Having built this type of gabion, you can not worry about the fact that over time the structure will turn into a liquid mass.
One of the most common types of gabions is кобичатый габион. The design parameters: length - 2−6 meters, width - 1−2 meters, height - not more than a meter. As a rule, the width of the structure is twice the height. However, the specific parameters of the gabion depend on its purpose.
Most often, this type of gabion is used as retaining wall or foundation for lightweight designs. The most important quality of a gabion in this case is its durability. That is why steel wire is used as a material for manufacturing gabion. Sometimes steel wire is replaced twisted wire Double torsion, protected from corrosion.
Cylindrical gabions - A great option in the case of complex terrain and soil blur. Due to the cylindrical shape of the gabion and the metal mesh, the design has good flexibility and at the same time rigidity.
Variants of gabion design
There are many different options for the design of gabions.
Gabion looks very impressive in the form of a terrace (single-stage, multistage). It can also be used as a base for ornamental plants. The property of good water permeability is a favorable factor for growing plants.
Коробкуваые габионы и Reno mattresses отлично подойдут для устройства artificial reservoir. The shape and appearance of the gabion can be different, but in any case, only decorate your yard.
For the decoration of the garden plot construct retaining gabion walls. In this case a multicolored filler is often used; the element is decorated with ornamental plants. In some cases, a canopy (arch) is attached to the structure, the result is a very cozy summerhouse.
Gabions - perfect for fencing. It is better to choose a filler for a design various, to stack it in the form of narrow, wide strips of different color and a configuration. Here, right from the stone, plants can grow.
Various home accessories from gabions are very nice. You can build a brazier, fireplace, brazier. A beautiful decorative element of the garden will be stools made of gabions, benches, a table.
Often, gabions are used in the creation process. alpine slides. Эти конструкции могут быть различными по форме и размеру, использоваться в качестве fencing различных архитектурных форм (водоемов, колодцев, фонтанов и др.).
As you can see, gabion designs can be a huge set, it all depends on your preferences and imagination.
Do-it-yourself gabion construction: gabion assembly principle
It is possible to build a gabion in your own area, however, very much depends on the degree of complexity of the project. For example, you should not be taken alone to equip the retaining walls of the river’s coastline, but with all sorts of заборами и fencingми Quite realistically manage yourself.
First you need to get gabion structures in finished form (material must be purchased 15% more the quantity specified in the project), and also to have:
- assemblies;
- passages;
- anchors;
- wire stapler;
- hammers;
- shovel.
Let's start with the assembly kilobotogo gabion. The sequence of actions is as follows:
- unpack the gabions;
-
we put one of the gabions on a flat horizontal surface, straighten diaphragm and side walls of the structure; - we are convinced that all the gabion cuts are even;
- connect knitting wire (using a stapler) all elements of the structure with the bottom of the gabion (if they are not yet connected);
- diaphragm spacing is 0.75 m. They must be connected with the walls;
- we form a box, lifting the walls of the gabion (back and front);
- We join the tops of the corners with frame wire. Important: the ends of the wire should stick out from the corners of all panels;
- make sure that the corners of the box are at the same level;
- using knitting wire we connect panels among themselves (starting from the vertices of the corners). When linking, we alternate double and single loops with a pitch of 12–15 cm.
After several empty gabions are ready, arrange them in a row. If necessary, fix them with anchors or stakes. We secure the front side of the structure with formwork. Next, we connect the gabions together. If the gabions need to be installed in several rows, they should be placed “face to face”, and the panels should be tied up with the help of reinforcing wire located on the edge. If gabion structures are located in several floors, we connect them along the perimeter in the places of contact of the diaphragms and in the corners.
Next, we turn to filling gabions with stones. In our work we follow the following recommendations:
- stones in the container must be laid tightly;
- last blank gabion leave empty: you will need to connect it later with subsequent empty gabions;
- when filling a gabion with a height of 1 m, it is necessary to construct the so-called spacers,
that is, заполняем контейнер на 1/3, knitting wire фиксируем стенки, повторяем то же самое, затем заполняем оставшуюся треть, при этом следим за тем, чтобы уровень камней на 20−50 мм превышал верхнюю кромку контейнера. После осадков он осядет. Габион высотой в 0.5 м заполняется соответственно в два этапа.
After placing the stones in the box, you should especially carefully fasten its cover. You can do this with a stapler or knitting wire.
Cylindrical gabions sold in bags in which the canvases are already cut, there is a sticking wire along the edges of these canvases. After unpacking the gabion construction, put it on a flat horizontal surface and check for defects. By the method of grid with the help of the wire, we obtain a cylinder. One of the edges tightly tighten, after filling the stones and the other edge. Then we drag the longitudinal edges through which we filled the cylinder with stones.
Installation mattress and mattress gabions similar to the installation of box structures. The assembly of this type of gabion is as follows:
- unpack and straighten the structure;
- connect the diaphragm and wall in the corners;
- raising the walls, we connect them with diaphragms, while reinforcing wires cling one by one;
- we carry out a design plane check.
Укладка конструкций из mattress and mattress gabions осуществляется очень аккуратно on geotextile. After laying the structures according to the project, we link them (necessarily in an empty form).
We fill such constructions of gabions, guided by the general rules given above.
Fixing the cover of the box, securely connect it along the contour and with all the diaphragms and reinforcing wires. If all the gabions in the design are laid in a row, they can be covered with a common lid. For this use double twist mesh (width no more than 2 m, length is equal to the structure). Do not forget to associate the canvas with all the necessary elements.
As you can see, for the very alien word "gabion" is very useful and attractive thing. Terraces, retaining walls, fences, fortifications, various decorative elements - all this is accessible to us thanks to the existence of gabions. A little time and patience and your plot takes on a fabulous look.
