One-story houses no longer seem interesting to us. In addition, it is high-rise buildings that allow even on a limited area to create more space. In order to organize access to the upper floors you need to use a ladder, which you can either make yourself, or buy at a hardware store.

The content of the article

• Types of stairs на второй этаж
  • I co-op
  • On the tendons
  • On the hills
  • Spiral staircase
• Characteristics of wooden stairs
• Metal stairs: advantages and disadvantages
• Styles: which one do you like?
  • Classic stairs
  • Vintage style
  • Hi-tech style
  • Provence style
  • American style
  • Loft style in the design of stairs
• Different rooms - different stairs
  • In the hall
  • In the living room
• What to install stairs in a private house?
• Let there be light: all the rules of lighting
• We do it yourself: a staircase to the second floor and its decoration

Provided that you decide to construct the stairs yourself, you can create an individual design, especially since such structures can be made of a wide variety of materials, such as glass, metal, stone or wood. To a greater extent, the choice of stairs for a house depends on the area of ​​the room, as well as how much space is allocated exactly under the stairs.

Types of stairs на второй этаж

Most often in private houses or in apartments, staircases are built. This type of ladder is divided into subspecies depending on the design.

Types of stairs
Ladders on kosoura	They are made of concrete, wood or metal. Consist of beams, which are individually attached to the base.
Ladder on tendons	Have a complex structure. Steps are attached to the inside of the beam.
Staircase	Made of wood or steel. All parts are bolted together.
Spiral staircase	Consist of a rack, handrails and steps. Made of metal or wood.

I co-op

Ladder on kosoura is considered the most popular type. This type of staircase can fit perfectly in different rooms, since they can vary in size, and also have greater strength and are among the most secure. Such ladders can be made both without access and with them. The method of mounting steps depends on the number of beams that are attached to the base. There may be two or one.

KOSOURA in such stairs may be:

• broken;
• screw;
• straight.

The configurations of this type of stairs can be different, and therefore it is possible to create a truly unique staircase using a custom template. For example, for a house decorated in a classic interior, a staircase made of stone or wood on the approaches is better suited.

We give a few photos of the stairs on the kosourah.

On the tendons

The stairs on the bowstrings are an elegant piece of architectural art, so you can’t do without them if you need to emphasize the wonderful sense of style and taste of the owner.

This ladder has the following characteristics:

• beautiful appearance;
• convenience of movement;
• complex construction.

The advantage of such stairs is that they are perfectly suited to both the classic and modern interior. By the way, the staircase is intended not only for private houses, but also for other types of premises (for example, museums). Steps in such a staircase are attached from the inside to the support beam.

On the hills

This type of ladder is made mostly of steel, but it can also be made of wood. All elements of the stairs are connected between themselves with special bolts and pins. The appearance of these stairs is quite simple and weightless, however, they are able to withstand a rather large weight, the estimated load is up to 200 kg. This can be explained by the fact that the beam is mounted to the wall, ceiling or floor with metal rods.

As for the steps, they can be open or closed, and also have another intricate shape that you like. If necessary, such a ladder is very easy to either disassemble or repair, this is its main advantage.

Spiral staircase

Spiral or spiral staircases are particularly popular for installation both in houses and apartments. They consist of a rack, handrails and steps. The most suitable are considered for small rooms, in addition, they can even save space.

Separate these types of spiral staircases:

• round;
• octagonal;
• square.

Can be made of metal or wood. The uniqueness of the design lies in the fact that with one side they are attached to the wall, and the other - to the central rack.

Characteristics of wooden stairs

It is no secret that wooden stairs are considered to be one of the most popular versions of such structures. This is not surprising, because wood is a very durable and reliable material, which over the years has proven itself from the best side.

Wood rightfully occupies one of the first places in the list of materials that are most often used for the manufacture of stairs. By the way, such stairs do not differ in their structure from the same ones, only made of other materials, because their design also includes staircases and marches, as well as railings and steps.

For the stairs to the second floor, one to three flights of stairs can be constructed. The most frequently used are double-marche designs.

As for the method of fastening steps, the stairs can be divided into the following types:

• odnosogosurnye (in this form one of the ends of the stage is mounted in the wall, while the opposite is attached to the kosour);
• two-bonded (this type of ladder assumes that both ends of the steps rest on either kosoura or bowstrings);
• bezkososurnye (one of the ends of the tier with this method of attachment has no support, and the second is mounted in the wall).

If you mount beskosouurnye stairs, you should take into account the fact that the thickness of the brick wall must be at least 1.5 bricks for reliable fastening.

Well-known fire safety regulations prohibit the installation of wooden stairs in private houses that have more than two marches. In such cases, it is worth attaching the steps to kosoura or to special string, the reliability of which should be given special attention. The moisture content of the wood in this case should not exceed 12%.

If we take into account the aesthetic component, then ladders with kosouri look much better. However, such a design can be weakened by notches for steps, which must necessarily be on these stairs. It is possible to secure the construction as much as possible thanks to a bar with a large cross section.

The width of wooden stairs should not be less than eighty centimeters. This need can be explained by the convenience of movement. In addition, it is much more comfortable to move on a wide staircase than a narrow one. As for the depth of the steps, it should not be less than 30 cm, since the foot on it must be securely fastened. The average step height is usually 15 cm, but in some cases it can be increased depending on the manufacturer of the stairs.

Metal stairs: advantages and disadvantages

Such ladders have an incredibly reliable construction, and they are considered more durable than wooden ladders. Of course, high-quality metal stairs are able to withstand a much greater load than similar structures made of wood. In addition, taking into account the excellent safety and durability, the metal staircase is ideal for use in apartments.

Even if you buy a finished metal ladder, you can easily make or order a fit according to your individual needs, because modern equipment easily allows you to do this.

Very rarely in modern interiors are used all-metal constructions, which are clearly inferior to the leadership positions of combinable ladders.

Most often metal is used in combination with:

• a tree;
• plastic;
• a stone;
• glass

Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly simplify the design, thus making it much more practical. For example, stairs with a metal frame and glass, plastic or wooden steps look spectacular.

Thanks to this trick, the metal ladder can easily flow into any interior without burdening it.

Perhaps among the advantages of metal stairs are the following:

• strength;
• long service life;
• the ability to combine curved and straight lines;
• variety of forms;
• low price

As for the shortcomings, there is only one:

• time-consuming process of covering the protective compositions of the stairs.

And, to put it mildly, this drawback is quite significant, because poor coating leads to further corrosion.

Welding is also a very important moment in the construction of such stairs, because it is able to secure the finished structure. Of course, the process is rather rough and time consuming, so it should be trusted only to professionals, so that they do not damage the aesthetic appeal of your stairs. Indeed, in the future it will be extremely difficult to smooth out such a flaw of the metal ladder.

Today, you can either order an individual design of a metal ladder, or purchase a prefabricated kit. Naturally, the duration and cost of such two different projects will be different, and will also depend entirely on the complexity and components that will be required to create such a ladder.

It is not easy to accurately indicate a clear price range, one can only say with certainty that metal spiral staircases will cost you much less than staircases made from the same material.

Styles: which one do you like?

As for the tips on choosing the style of stairs, they will be as trivial as ever: choose the one that fits best into the interior of your house or apartment. And to make it easier for you to decide, let's consider the basic styles.

Classic stairs

This type of staircase construction is the most popular and it is not surprising, because this type of construction differs from others in its conciseness and direct forms. The appearance of the classical stairs is quite subtle and is characterized by the presence of exquisite wooden patterns and stucco.

At the client’s request, many craftsmen can decorate the finished product with various openwork paintings, which are even better suited to the interior, made according to classical principles. Also, such designs compare favorably with conservative decisions and elegance.

Vintage style

Characteristic for this design are:

• artificially aged surfaces;
• complex configurations.

Thanks to such staircase structures, you can fill the house with coziness and comfort. However, in this case, the whole style of the room must necessarily correspond to this image. For example, a deliberately elegant design of the staircase will be able to emphasize frayed murals and antique furniture. Stone is considered to be the ideal material for such constructions, and metal or wood is also suitable.

Hi-tech style

The most suitable material for such structures is stone, ceramics, polished metal or glass.

Distinctive features of high-tech style are:

• simple solution in the design;
• original motifs;
• unusual patterns.

For example, a multi-colored staircase in a high-tech hallway can look very concise.

Provence style

Provence or rural style is characterized by abundant use of textiles in the interior. If you design the stairs in the same style, then using textiles on the steps (for example, carpet) will not be shameful.

It is very important to choose the right colors so that they combine with each other. The tone here is set by the flight of stairs by the material from which they were constructed. It is recommended to use natural wood (pine, alder, birch, oak).

Natural stone, not alien to Provence style, from which stairs can also be made. In this case, the rough stone steps best complement the bright rugs on it.

American style

The staircase, created in the classic American style, should certainly match the interior of the premises, so the design should be chosen appropriate.

Used in such structures mainly expensive wood species, as well as other natural materials. Characteristic differences from other types of stairs can be considered a large number of threads, warm colors and curved handrails. Such designs can also contain various inserts with a variety of ornaments, emblems, as well as their combinations.

Making stairs in the presented style is quite expensive, but professionals argue that such prices are fully justified.

Loft style in the design of stairs

This style is a combination of old and new. Alternatively, the concept of "new" can mean the use of metal and glass, and the old may be wood or stone. This style is ideal for apartments located in the urban jungle, as well as for rich country houses, in which they emphasize the refined and undeniable taste of the owners.

Different rooms - different stairs

Of course, choosing the type and style of stairs for your home, no less attention should be paid to the type of room for which it is intended.

In the hall

Most often, the installation of stairs to the second floor is made in the hall. Sometimes this leads to the owners of this horror, because the bulky design is able to completely litter the already small hallway. But you should not despair, because the staircase can not only not spoil, but also make the interior of the hall much more interesting, adding light and height to it.

For example, light constructions with wide apertures are ideal for a private house. The wooden structure, made in the classical style, is capable of combining into a single whole all the elements of the room.

In the living room

Increasingly popular in private homes or multi-level apartments are living rooms with stairs to the second floor. Moreover, it is quite simple to make such a design as harmonious and original as possible.

The space that turned out to be under the stairs could be a good closet or a stylized shelf for books.

Quite often, the owners are afraid to put the stairs in the living room, so as not to overburden the design, but such concerns are absolutely groundless, because observing the key rules you can make the stairs almost weightless and ideally flowing into the interior.

The staircase is, of course, a large, but still an element of the interior, so it should by no means be beaten out of the overall composition. For example, if the living room with a staircase is not very large, then you should not decorate the structure with various forged elements that are really capable of weighting the atmosphere. To make such a staircase almost imperceptible, it is better to use a minimal design.

A design in which a wall near the stairs is decorated with mosaics will be very interesting, so you can significantly expand the space.

What to install stairs in a private house?

A very important step in the construction of multi-storey private houses is the installation of the stairs.

The most popular types of stairs for a private house are:

• straight;
• rotary;
• rectangular;
• screw.

Either wooden, or reinforced concrete, or metal, or combined ladders can be used.

Provided that the staircase in a private house will be installed in a separate room, you need to think about lighting it. Naturally, the best option would be natural light, which can be obtained through the projected window, as well as lighting at night.

Let there be light: all the rules of lighting

In order to properly build the lighting of the stairs, you need to take into account a lot of nuances, each of which is the key to a high-quality embodiment of the idea.

Provided that the room has a stained-glass window or a window that allows a lot of light in, only a few light bulbs will be enough to illuminate the entire flight of stairs. The meaning of the plan is quite simple: at night, the lighting will be provided by artificial lights, and during the daytime natural light will take care of this.

For lighting different types of stairs should be approached in different ways. For example, automatic fixtures at the end and beginning of the march are best suited for a one-way staircase. But the screw design will require a more detailed approach. Quite an interesting solution would be to highlight the stairs.

Of course, the longer the rise of the stairs, the brighter you need to choose lamps, because you need to illuminate a large area so that you can feel as comfortable as possible. Ideal for long marches would be diffused light, while spotlights are perfect for short staircases.

The light on the stairs can be:

• reflected;
• straight;
• scattered;
• combined.

Light sources can be:

• decorative;
• local;
• common

When choosing a light source, you should focus on the general level of light in the room, as well as its directionality and brightness. If the staircase takes several spans, then the general lighting, which will evenly distribute the light so that it does not irritate the eyes, will become the perfect lighting option.

But long chandeliers for the stairs will be quite an original option, which will give the room the necessary refinement. If you want to achieve maximum respectability, then choose multi-tiered chandeliers that will decorate the stairs.

It is possible to light cast-iron railings and stairs, which are dominated by forged elements, thanks to the forged chandelier, created on a metal frame.

But the main lighting should not be the only one, so the designers recommend the use of local lamps, which will perfectly cope with stage lighting. In this case, the sources of illumination should be fixed on the walls a little higher than the height of a person in order not to blind the eyes. If there is such a need, they can be decorated with lenses or lampshades.

In addition, a variety of floor lamps or table lamps, installed at the entrance to the stairs, can serve as luminaires. Often used and sconces that will help create additional comfort, advantageously emphasizing the beauty of the design.

For the interior, decorated in the style of hi-tech, the best lighting options are spotlights, which are located above the steps or embedded in them. The only drawback is that you need quite a lot of lamps to illuminate the stairs sufficiently. As a possible alternative, you can use the LED backlight.

Often there is a need for additional lighting of the railing or lifting. This may require the location of lamps at the entrance and exit of the stairs. Provided that the length of the stairs is quite large, then you need to arrange the lighting along it. If there is such a need, you can equip the railing with special fluorescent cords.

We do it yourself: a staircase to the second floor and its decoration

In a high-rise building, the staircase is an integral element. If we take into account the technical point of view, then we can confidently say that almost every person who has a left and a right hand (and not two left) can make a ladder, you just have to know the basic rules.

Of course, the sequence of works is a component of success, so it is necessary to adhere to it. Do not forget about the technical recommendations to work.

More and more owners of cottages and multi-level apartments are abandoning the services of professionals (quite often questionable) in favor of independent construction of structures. Moreover, modern manufacturers of materials for construction can offer a full range of materials and tools for the construction of stairs. And the instruction is not difficult to find in the world wide web.

If you decide to do everything yourself, then the first thing to take care of is the development of the project, on which the quality of the future structure directly depends. Alas, all inaccuracies and errors of the project will certainly have a negative impact on the structure. Therefore, it is important to pay enough attention to design.

The design should take into account such factors:

• type of attachment;
• configuration;
• calculation of all necessary measurements;
• materials;
• instruments.

Getting to the construction of the stairs, the first thing you need to build a reliable frame that can later withstand the design. Materials that should be used for such a task can be varied, mainly it is concrete, wood or metal.

Install additional items only after the equipment frame. By means of self-tapping screws wooden ladders can be built in. The level of attachment must be maintained clearly, otherwise comfortable conditions for operation will not be provided.

At the final stage it is worth making finishing work. If you built a wooden ladder, then you need to treat the surface with special compounds that will prevent rotting. But for metal structures need to use anti-corrosion agents.

As you can see, erecting a staircase with your own hands is a simple task, all you have to do is have the desire and patience to build a beautiful staircase that will only decorate the interior of the house.